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Hamming distance between two bit-strings of equal length is the number of bit positions at which they are different. In other words, Hamming distance is the number of mismatches at the same bit position between two same-length words. For example: Consider two 3-bit code words, 000 and 001. Here, the Hamming distance is 1, as…
One of the most common ways to achieve error detection is by means of parity code. A parity code is generated by adding an extra parity bit (information redundancy) to the string of data bits. There are two types of parity, such as even parity and odd parity. A given system operates with either even…
Data errors in a digital system can happen due to faults in the transceiver system or noise during the transmission. Such errors need to be detected and corrected, as digital systems are sensitive to such errors. The presence of data errors beyond a threshold can lead to catastrophic situations if not taken care of immediately….
Gray code is considered beneficial for multiple electromechanical applications due to its error resilience property. This is achieved due to the single-bit change from one code word to the adjacent next code word. This article lists down a few more applications of Gray code. Reference: Maini, Anil K. Digital electronics: principles, devices and applications. John…
In this article, we will learn about the conversion of binary to Gray code and vice versa. You can refer to the gray code table, where we have already shown the gray codes of 3-bit numbers, that is, the decimal numbers from 0 to 7. In this article, we will learn the conversion techniques so…
Gray code is beneficial for multiple electromechanical applications of digital systems, such as shaft position encoders, autonomous braking systems, copiers etc. In all these applications, an input sensor produces a digital value that indicates a mechanical position. When continuous or analog information is converted to digital form, as in the case of the above applications,…
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Gray code is a digital code, which is neither arithmetic nor weighted. There are no weights assigned to the bit positions of a Gray code. Moreover, we do not use Gray code for arithmetic operations. The advantage of Gray code is that it is very less error susceptible while encoding data compared to the straight…
We all have a curiosity to know who is the founder of a particular company. In this article, we will list down the founders of leading VLSI Companies (Semiconductor Companies) along with their founding year and location of headquarters. It also highlights a few major acquisitions by and/or of the semiconductor companies. Company Founders Year…
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Excess-3 code is a BCD code. It is a self-complementing code, but not a weighted code. In earlier articles, we have seen decimal to binary conversion, decimal to 8421 BCD conversion and vice versa. In this article, we will learn about Excess-3 code and its conversion. Excess-3, as its name says, there is an excess…
Although all $display, $monitor, $write and $strobe in System Verilog seem to be similar, there is a slight difference. $display is the normal display, which executes its parameters wherever it is present in the code. $write is similar to $display except that $display displays the contents in the next line (cursor moves to the next…
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