Let's Program the Transistors
In the part-1 of ESD we learnt through of ESD testing and its importance. ICs are susceptible to ESD event as they consist of components that are very sensitive to excess current and voltage. ESD even can occur at any point in time during IC assembly and packaging, part handling or system assembly. Important point…
Electro Static Discharge (ESD) is sudden flow of static electricity between two electrically charged objects for a very short duration of time. The study of ESD phenomenon and its protection circuits are more relevant with each technology nodes as smaller devices are more vulnerable. Electric Over-Stress (EOS) is also one by-product of ESD which also…
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This post is about characterizing or calculating pin average toggling power for any on chip module, using SPICE simulations, Toggling power or Dynamic power is the power dissipated during the transition of any input signal from low to high or high to low. During this time certain amount of current is drawn from the supply…
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If you are in VLSI industry, sometime or the other, you must have heard this term “Mont Carlo (MC)”. In this post let us understand the literal meaning of Monte Carlo simulation and its application in circuit design field. Going by the wiki definition of Monte Carlo “Monte Carlo methods are a broad class of computational…
Setup and Hold time concept is one of the fundamental concepts that is very necessary for closing and analysing and timing margin. The analysis in digital domain, in Reg to Reg system is very popular but the root cause of Setup and Hold time is often not taken care of in the education system. This…
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Here are some examples on blocking and non-blocking assignments in Verilog, that can be really useful for the budding design Engineers. First let us discuss the features of these assignments. The following example illustrates the Blocking Assignment Wave forms for the above exampleThe following example illustrates the Non-Blocking Assignment Wave forms for the above example…
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For the design of any circuit with the CMOS technology; We need parallel or series connections of nMOS and pMOS with a nMOS source tied directly or indirectly to ground and a pMOS source tied directly or indirectly to Vdd. A basic CMOS structure of any 2-input logic gate can be drawn as follows: 2…
These are some of the commonly encountered questions regarding designing a Differential Amplifier – If you want to learn the basic design steps of a differential amplifier, then click here Q-1) When the design technology node changes, say from 180nm to 90nm, what are process-dependent parameters whose values would be changed? A- On the change…
Differential Amplifier is an electronic circuit which amplifies the difference between two input voltage, but rejects any signal common to both the inputs [Source]. Following is the circuit for Designing a Differential Amplifier- You may also face these questions while designing a differential amplifier. Differential Amplifier can be designed by following 5 simple steps –…
Static CMOS circuits use complementary nMOS pulldown and pMOS pullup networks to implement logic gates or logic functions in integrated circuits. Dynamic gates use a clocked pMOS pullup. The implemented logic function or the logic gate is achieved through 2 modes of operation: Precharge and Evaluate. Advantages of dynamic logic circuits: 1) The number of…
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