Let's Program the Transistors
In VLSI, an SoC is an integrated circuit that contains multiple functional blocks, such as processors, memory, interfaces, and peripherals, on a single chip. The main idea behind the SoC concept is to integrate as many components as possible into a single chip to reduce the size, power consumption, and cost of the final product….
In our day-to-day life, we generally use decimal number system for expressing any quantity. For example, when I go to an electronics shop for purchasing a mobile phone – I say that show me one good mobile phone in the range of Rs. 10,000/-. Here, ‘one’ and ‘10,000’ is the use of decimal number system….
The general-purpose digital computer is the best-known example of a digital system. Digital computers have been around since the 1940s, and have been in widespread commercial use since the 1960s. The most striking property of a digital computer is its generality. It can follow a sequence of instructions, called a program, that operates on given…
A pilot project in VLSI refers to a small-scale, initial implementation of a large system with the aim of testing its feasibility, viability and to gather information on the system’s behavior. The objective of a pilot project is to minimize risk and ensure that the system will meet the needs of the end-users. This information…
The real-world signals are analog. However, processing, communicating, and storing data in digital form is advantageous over analog form. Therefore, the analog signal is converted to digital form at the transmitter end and again converted back to analog form at the receiver end. The following are multiple advantages of digital over analog. Previous …
A test chip is a small-scale integrated circuit that is specifically designed for testing purposes, feasibility checks and performance analysis. It serves as a platform for evaluating the functionality of individual circuit blocks, testing the reliability of manufacturing processes, and verifying the performance of the design before it is implemented in a larger chip. Test…
Electronic circuits can broadly be divided into two broad categories: Some advantages of digital over analog are as below: Today, digital technology is applied in a wide range of applications. The most common digital end products are computers, television, communication systems, consumer electronics, etc. Sampling and Quantization are the techniques that are used to convert…
MPW stands for Multi-Project Wafer, which is a cost-effective way to prototype integrated circuits. In an MPW, multiple projects share a single wafer during the fabrication process, which enables lower costs by spreading the cost of the wafer among multiple projects. Typically, several customers with small designs collaborate to share the costs of the wafer…
ASCII codes are alphanumeric codes that represent numbers, alphabets, symbols and special characters in computers. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Whenever we press a key from the keyboard, the corresponding ASCII code goes into the computer. ASCII has 128 characters that can be represented using 7 bits (00 to 7F in…
A wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically made of silicon, that serves as the substrate for the fabrication of integrated circuits in the field of VLSI. During the fabrication process, the wafer undergoes a series of processes such as doping, lithography, etching, and deposition to create the desired patterns and structures for…