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As AI models grow in complexity, efficient hardware for larger matrix operations becomes essential. In this article, we guide you through scaling a pipelined Matrix Multiply Unit (MMU) from 2×2 to 4×4 matrices in Verilog. You’ll learn about the architectural considerations, step-by-step implementation, and verification strategies needed to build high-performance, scalable MMUs for modern AI accelerators.
Pipelining is a powerful technique for boosting the performance of digital circuits, especially in AI hardware. In this article, you’ll learn how to design a pipelined 2×2 Matrix Multiply Unit (MMU) in Verilog, step by step. We’ll show you how to implement pipelining for higher throughput, and guide you through verifying your design with a practical testbench.
Matrix multiplication is at the heart of modern AI hardware, and building an efficient Matrix Multiply Unit (MMU) is a foundational skill for digital designers. In this article, we walk you through the implementation of a simple yet important 2×2 MMU in Verilog, and creation of a robust testbench for thorough verification. Whether you’re a student or a seasoned engineer, you’ll gain hands-on insights into designing reliable, scalable hardware for AI applications.
In digital electronics and VLSI design, adders are fundamental building blocks used to perform arithmetic operations. Among various types of adders, the 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) is one of the simplest and most commonly studied designs. It is widely used to add two 4-bit binary numbers and produce a 4-bit sum along with a carry-out. This…
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Welcome back to our Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) series! In our first post, we introduced the critical challenges of CDC in digital designs. In this article, we focus on one of the most fundamental and effective techniques to tackle metastability, a core issue in CDC: the two-stage flip-flop synchronizer. Understanding metastability and how this simple synchronizer design…
In today’s complex digital systems, multiple clock domains are the norm rather than the exception. Whether you’re designing an FPGA, ASIC, or SoC, it’s almost guaranteed that different parts of your chip will operate on different clocks. This creates a critical design challenge known as Clock Domain Crossing (CDC). In this first post of our CDC…
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In digital design, clocks are the heartbeat of your system. But sometimes, the clock frequency you get from your oscillator or PLL is too fast for certain parts of your design. That’s where a clock divider comes in handy. It helps you generate slower clock signals by dividing down a faster input clock. In this blog…
Writing clean and reliable Verilog code is essential for designing predictable and efficient digital circuits. One common pitfall that many designers encounter is unintended latch inference. This subtle issue can cause your design to behave unexpectedly, leading to timing problems and simulation mismatches. In this post, we’ll explain what latch inference is, why it happens, and…
Every modern chip—whether in your smartphone, laptop, or car—is built using one fundamental building block: the standard cell. While these cells operate in the background of every VLSI project, understanding them is essential to mastering digital design. In this article, we break down what standard-cell libraries are, how they impact power, performance, and area (PPA),…
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In modern digital design, achieving high performance and throughput is essential. One of the most effective techniques to accomplish this is pipelining. Whether you’re designing CPUs, signal processors, or custom hardware accelerators, understanding how to model a pipeline can significantly improve your system’s efficiency. In this post, we’ll explore what a pipeline is, why it matters,…