Let's Program the Transistors
Electronic circuits can broadly be divided into two broad categories: Some advantages of digital over analog are as below: Today, digital technology is applied in a wide range of applications. The most common digital end products are computers, television, communication systems, consumer electronics, etc. Sampling and Quantization are the techniques that are used to convert…
ASCII codes are alphanumeric codes that represent numbers, alphabets, symbols and special characters in computers. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Whenever we press a key from the keyboard, the corresponding ASCII code goes into the computer. ASCII has 128 characters that can be represented using 7 bits (00 to 7F in…
The main steps in ASIC physical design flow are: These steps are just the basic. A more detailed design flow is presented in the picture below: The ASIC physical design flow uses the technology libraries that are provided by the fabrication houses. Technologies are commonly classified on the basis of minimal feature size. The basic…
The Electronics engineers should know the steps to design a particular circuit. While we study, we directly study the properties of the electronic block and the circuit diagram of the corresponding block. We never think how had we landed up to that particular circuit diagram. For example when we talk about digital Multiplexer, Decoder or Counters; we…
Read More “Step by Step Method to Design a Combinational Circuit” »
Setup and Hold time concept is one of the fundamental concepts that is very necessary for closing and analysing and timing margin. The analysis in digital domain, in Reg to Reg system is very popular but the root cause of Setup and Hold time is often not taken care of in the education system. This…
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Here are some examples on blocking and non-blocking assignments in Verilog, that can be really useful for the budding design Engineers. First let us discuss the features of these assignments. The following example illustrates the Blocking Assignment Wave forms for the above exampleThe following example illustrates the Non-Blocking Assignment Wave forms for the above example…
Read More “Synthesis and Functioning of Blocking and Non-Blocking Assignments.” »
There are two basic types of digital design methodologies: top-down Design Methodology In a top-down design methodology, we define the top-level block and identify the sub-blocks necessary to build the top-level block. We further subdivide the sub-blocks until we come to leaf cells, which are the cells that cannot further be divided. bottom-up Design Methodology…
The states which are equivalent, are redundant. Because by looking at the output, we can not even figure out in which state the machine is in. So, if there are two equivalent states then there is no point of using both the states. We can merge both the states and can use only one state….
Sometimes a state diagram constructed for a finite state machine contains redundant states, i.e. states whose function can be accomplished by other states. The number of memory elements required for the realization of a machine is directly related to the number of states. Consequently, the minimization of the number of states does reduce the complexity…
This post illustrates the circuit design of Even Parity Generator. State Machine diagram for the same Parity Generator has been shown below. Click here to realize how we reach to the following state transition diagram. Click here to learn the step by step procedure of “How to synthesize a state machine / How to boil down…