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In digital systems, any signal value is represented in binary form (either logic ‘0’ state or logic ‘1’ state). To represent these two logic states, two different levels of voltage or two different levels of current are considered. Here, we will consider voltage for understanding. You can also consider current in the same way. If…
Hamming Code is yet another error detection and correction code. In this code, the parity bits are added to increase the Hamming distance between the valid code words. Here, the parity bits are arranged in a way that different error bits produce different error results. This enables the Hamming Code to both detect and localize…
A system that uses error-detecting code generates, transmits, and stores data in the form of code words. So, the correct data must be a valid code word. It is expected that the presence of an error in a data bit stream would make it a non code word, and thereby it would be easy to…
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Hamming distance between two bit-strings of equal length is the number of bit positions at which they are different. In other words, Hamming distance is the number of mismatches at the same bit position between two same-length words. For example: Consider two 3-bit code words, 000 and 001. Here, the Hamming distance is 1, as…
One of the most common ways to achieve error detection is by means of parity code. A parity code is generated by adding an extra parity bit (information redundancy) to the string of data bits. There are two types of parity, such as even parity and odd parity. A given system operates with either even…
Data errors in a digital system can happen due to faults in the transceiver system or noise during the transmission. Such errors need to be detected and corrected, as digital systems are sensitive to such errors. The presence of data errors beyond a threshold can lead to catastrophic situations if not taken care of immediately….
Gray code is considered beneficial for multiple electromechanical applications due to its error resilience property. This is achieved due to the single-bit change from one code word to the adjacent next code word. This article lists down a few more applications of Gray code. Reference: Maini, Anil K. Digital electronics: principles, devices and applications. John…
In this article, we will learn about the conversion of binary to Gray code and vice versa. You can refer to the gray code table, where we have already shown the gray codes of 3-bit numbers, that is, the decimal numbers from 0 to 7. In this article, we will learn the conversion techniques so…
Gray code is beneficial for multiple electromechanical applications of digital systems, such as shaft position encoders, autonomous braking systems, copiers etc. In all these applications, an input sensor produces a digital value that indicates a mechanical position. When continuous or analog information is converted to digital form, as in the case of the above applications,…
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Gray code is a digital code, which is neither arithmetic nor weighted. There are no weights assigned to the bit positions of a Gray code. Moreover, we do not use Gray code for arithmetic operations. The advantage of Gray code is that it is very less error susceptible while encoding data compared to the straight…