Micromax Informatics Interview Question Bank continued from Part 1…
Q : Which among BJT and MOSFET has higher gain and why?
A : The current in BJT is exponentially dependent on input whereas in MOSFET, it is square law. So, trans-conductance of BJT is higher than that of MOSFET and thus BJT has higher gain than MOSFET.
Q : What is race-around condition? What is the solution for it?
A : In JK flip-flop, when both J and K are 1, the state (output) of the flip-flop will oscillate between 0 and 1 resulting to uncertainty in the state of the flip-flop at the end of the clock pulse. This problem can be solved by using edge-triggered flip-flop or Master-Slave JK flip-flop.
Q : Why are PMOS and NMOS sized equally in a Transmission Gate?
A : In Transmission Gate, PMOS and NMOS aid each other rather competing with each other (as in CMOS design where size is decided based on the carrier’s mobility). This is why size of PMOS and NMOS are equal in a Transmission Gate.
Q : What is throughput?
A : Throughput is the maximum data rate which is available to a user using a network. A channel may have a capacity of say, 5 Mbps but the throughput would be lesser than 5 Mbps.
Q : Explain Latch-up problem.
A : Latch-up is a situation where the parasitic components give rise to the establishment of low resistance conducting path between VDD and VSS resulting in disastrous changes in outputs.
Q : Given only two XOR gates, how to make one function as buffer and another as inverter?
A : Make one of the inputs of XOR gate equal to logic ‘1’. This XOR gate will act as inverter. Make one of the inputs of XOR gate equal to logic ‘0’. This XOR gate will act as buffer.
Q : What is transponder?
A : Transponder refers to TRANS-resPONDER which is a device that receives, amplifies, and then retransmits the (reply) signal to a different frequency upon proper verification of the received signal.
Q : What is the difference between heap and stack?
A : Stack is responsible for keeping the track of the flow of a program especially in the case of interrupts (the address of the next instruction to be executed is ‘pushed’ onto the stack and when the interrupt sub-routine is completed, the address is ‘popped’ out of stack to resume program execution where it was left). On the other hand, heap is responsible for keeping track of the objects (such as data) involved.
Hope this helps you!
Gautam Vashisht