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Digital Hardware Design
Post-silicon debug (or post-silicon validation) is one of the important phase of the system design cycle. This is performed to capture the escaped design bugs from the pre-silicon verification phase. The major challenge associated with the post-silicon debug is the very limited observability and controllability inside the chip during the debug. Therefore, a few supporting…
Observability and Controllability are the terms that are frequently used for system validation. To validate a design, you must zero down all the existing functional bugs. Now, how to remove a bug from your design? For this, you need to know the reason and the location of the bug (or fault). This means you should…
In a recent article, we have seen how to convert any number system from decimal. However, there, we have only considered the whole numbers. In this article, we considered the decimal to binary conversion for the fractional number. Technique Example 6.2510 = ?2 Here, the whole number part = 6 The fractional part = 0.25…
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In an earlier post, we have seen that how to convert any number system to decimal number system. However, that article presents the conversions only for the whole numbers. In this article, we will consider the fractional number system conversion. The following technique is used to convert any binary fractional number to its equivalent decimal…
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In this post, we will be learning how to convert octal to hexadecimal and hexadecimal to octal numbers. Following is the technique for these conversions. Technique Octal to Hexadecimal Conversion 10768 = ?16 Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion 1F0C16 = ?8 For a detailed explanation, watch the following lecture video. Previous Table…
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Integrated circuits (ICs) have revolutionized the world of electronics by enabling the creation of highly complex and compact devices. Two common types of ICs are system-on-chip (SoC) and test chip. While both types of ICs have a similar design, their purpose and applications are vastly different. System-on-Chip (SoC) A System-on-Chip (SoC) is a type of…
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We have already seen octal to binary and hexadecimal to binary conversion in an earlier article. In this post, we will be learning how to convert binary to octal and binary to hexadecimal numbers. Following is the technique for these conversions. Technique Binary to Octal Conversion Example: 10110101112 = ?8 Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion Example:…
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Octal to binary and hexadecimal to binary conversions are important concepts with regard to digital electronics and digital computers. Following is the technique for these conversions. Technique Octal to Binary Conversion Example: 7058 = ?2 Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion Example: 10AF16 = ?2 For a detailed explanation, watch the following lecture video. Previous …
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The following technique is used to convert a decimal number to any number system. Technique Decimal to Binary Conversion Example: 12510 = ?2 Decimal to Octal & Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Example: 123410 = ?8 Example: 123410 = ?16 For a detailed explanation, watch the following lecture video. Previous Table of…
The following technique is used to convert any number system to its equivalent decimal number. Technique Examples 1010112 = 1×25 + 0x24 + 1×23 + 0x22 + 1×21 + 1×20 = 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 4310 7248 = 7×82 + 2×81 + 4×80 = 7×64 + 2×8…