Let's Program the Transistors
State machine synthesis is a process of of boiling down a state machine to a digital logic circuit. Steps in State Machine Synthesis Let’s achieve the state machine realization of the following state diagram Let’s assume that we have completed the first two steps mentioned above and achieved a minimized Mealy state machine as shown…
Flipflops to be considered are: SR Flipflop S R Q(t+1) 0 0 Q(t) 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Invalid inputs Characteristic Equation Q(t+1) = R'(t)Q(t) + S(t) ; S(t)R(t) = 0 Excitation Table Q(t) Q(t+1) S R 0 0 0 x 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 x…
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Sequential machines can be designed in two different ways: (i) Mealy Machine & (ii) Moore Machine Considering Mealy or Moore for the designing of sequential machine, it’s actually difficult to draw a hard line where one machine is always better than the other. Depending on the application requirement one may dominate the other. It is…
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Design of sequential circuit can be composed of designing combinational circuit and state register. Sequential circuits are implemented in two different ways: We can represent a sequential machine as M = <I,O,S,f,g>; where I: Input setO: Output setS: State spacef: A function mapping IxS = Og: A function mapping IxS = S Let’s understand both…
Verilog language has the capability of designing a module in several coding styles. Depending on the needs of a design, internals of each module can be defined at four level of abstractions. Irrespective of the internal abstraction level, the module would behave exactly in the similar way to the external environment. Following are the four…
I am Jitendra Kumar Yadav, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology. This is my interview experience for the post of Project Engineer at Wipro Limited. I have described my selection process for the mentioned post in the following content. Check here the first post on “Interview Experience – WIPRO Limited – Telecom Domain“ Technical Interview First of all I…
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Do you love to play with FPGAs? If yes, then there is a golden opportunity to showcase your talent. Digilent Design Contest Europe Region has reached its 12th Edition, with a rich history behind, many interesting and cool projects along the years, many smart and competitive participants, as well as appreciated advisers. It is held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania,…
Problem Statement: Design a circuit for an edge triggered 4-bit binary up counter (0000 to 1111). When it reaches “1111”, it should revert back to “0000” after the next edge. Use positive edge triggered D flip-flop (shown in the below figure) to design the circuit. Pin Input / Output Description D Input Data Input CLK…
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Microcontroller is termed as “Computer-on-a-Chip“. It is named so, because not only the CPU, but RAM, ROM, I/O ports, Timer/Counter, Serial I/Os all are put together on a single microcontroller chip. Microcontrollers are task specific and are essentially used for making Embedded Systems. The above image shows very few examples for the application of microcontrollers…
When someone start dealing with Microprocessor; a very common doubt always strikes out in the initial phase: “What is the difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller?” Let’s Define both microprocessor and microcontroller and then we will compare them. Microprocessor: We mean by a microprocessor that all the components of a CPU (Central Processing Unit): ALU (Arithmetic Logic…
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